Marijuana, a psychoactive plant with a long and complex history, has become increasingly legalized and socially accepted in recent years. This shift has led to a critical question for pregnant people: is marijuana safe to use during pregnancy? The answer, unfortunately, is not simple.

Cannabis has been used for medicinal and recreational purposes for millennia. Across cultures, its perception has varied widely. In ancient China, it was used to treat a variety of ailments, while in medieval Europe, its use was often demonized. In the 20th century, marijuana faced legal prohibition in many countries, fueled by concerns about its psychoactive effects. Today, the landscape is changing once more, with a growing number of countries legalizing marijuana for medical or recreational use.

However, the conversation about marijuana and pregnancy remains mostly absent from the discussions. Culturally, there may be misconceptions about the safety of marijuana based on its historical use as a medicine. Pregnant people throughout history have turned to various herbal remedies to manage a range of discomforts, from nausea and vomiting to pain and anxiety. Some might mistakenly believe marijuana falls into this category, overlooking the potential risks to a developing fetus. This lack of open dialogue can lead to confusion and potentially risky choices for pregnant individuals.

Risks to the Pregnant Person

While marijuana may offer some medicinal benefits, research on its safety during pregnancy is limited. There is currently no evidence to suggest marijuana use is safe for a developing fetus.  In fact, there are potential risks to the pregnant person’s health as well.

  • Increased risk of mental health problems: Marijuana use can exacerbate anxiety and depression, particularly for those with a preexisting vulnerability.
  • Respiratory problems: Smoking marijuana, like tobacco, can irritate the lungs and increase the risk of respiratory infections.
  • Impaired immune function: Marijuana use may weaken the immune system, making the pregnant person more susceptible to illness.

Those are just some of the potential risks to the pregnant person. It’s crucial to have a candid discussion with a doctor or care provider about any potential benefits and risks of marijuana use before considering its use during pregnancy.

Risks to the Fetus and Baby

The most concerning aspect of marijuana use during pregnancy is the potential impact on the developing fetus and baby. THC, the psychoactive compound in marijuana, can easily cross the placenta and reach the baby. Here’s a breakdown of some potential risks:

  • Preterm birth and low birth weight: Studies suggest an increased risk of preterm birth (before 37 weeks) and low birth weight in babies of mothers who use marijuana during pregnancy. These factors can lead to a number of health complications for newborns.
  • Brain development problems: There is growing concern that marijuana use during pregnancy may be linked to long-term brain development issues in children, including problems with memory, learning, and attention.
  • Stillbirth: Some research suggests a possible link between marijuana use and an increased risk of stillbirth, although more research is needed to confirm this association.

Due to the potential harm marijuana poses to a developing baby’s brain and body, avoiding it during pregnancy is essential. This includes all forms, as consulting a doctor is crucial before using any medication or supplement while pregnant. However, doulas can be a valuable asset. They can provide unbiased information about marijuana’s risks, foster open communication with health care providers, and explore safer coping mechanisms. Additionally, doulas offer emotional support during quitting, empowering women to make informed decisions and advocate for patient-centered care throughout pregnancy.

Certified birth doula Shariah Edwards said, “I encourage each individual to dig deeper into the reason why they are using marijuana as a stimulant. For some, it may be a habit that was formed. For others, it may be a coping mechanism for anxiety, depression and other health concerns.”

Edwards continued, “Exploring other options while pregnant and during the postpartum period may look like shadow work, which is where you dig into your triggers to determine what stressors are causing anxiety, depression and so forth. Of course, it is not an overnight fix. It is a learning process to cope with emotions that overwhelm our nervous system. Marijuana affects the birthing person’s bonding experience with their child(ren) while in utero due to the side effects of drowsiness. The drowsiness can be a distraction to the birthing person from counting the amount of movement the baby is doing every day.”

Additionally, marijuana and Pitocin (used to induce labor) seem to work independently, but potential concerns exist regarding marijuana use during pregnancy. THC, the psychoactive component in marijuana, might decrease the uterus’s response to Pitocin, leading to less effective contractions. Additionally, marijuana’s relaxing effect could oppose Pitocin’s action. The evidence isn’t conclusive, and individual reactions vary. For a safe delivery, if you’re pregnant and considering marijuana, talk to your doctor. They can advise you on potential interactions with labor medications and guide you toward the healthiest choices for you and your baby.

Disentangling the Risks: Why All Marijuana Use Needs Discussion During Pregnancy

The complexities surrounding marijuana use during pregnancy extend beyond the distinction between medical and recreational marijuana. While a doctor prescribes medical marijuana for certain conditions, it’s crucial to discuss any marijuana use, including medical marijuana, with a health care provider before or during pregnancy. There is currently no FDA approval for marijuana use during pregnancy, and the potential risks to the developing baby outweigh any potential benefits for the mother in most cases.

Social determinants of health, like poverty, access to health care, and social support, can influence the decision to use marijuana. Those facing economic hardship or limited prenatal care may be more likely to use marijuana for stress or anxiety. Additionally, social circles that normalize marijuana use might downplay the risks associated with pregnancy.

Health care providers must be aware of these factors and create a safe space for open communication. They can provide nonjudgmental support and education about the risks of marijuana use for both the mother and the baby, regardless of the reason for considering marijuana. This unified approach ensures women receive the necessary information to make informed choices about their health and the well-being of their developing child.

The Misinformation Minefield

Social media can be a breeding ground for misinformation about marijuana use during pregnancy. Posts claiming marijuana is a safe alternative to traditional morning sickness medication or that it promotes fetal development with its “natural” properties are unfortunately common. Pregnant people should be cautious about such claims and rely on credible sources like government health organizations (.gov websites) or medical professional associations for accurate information.

Here are some additional tips for navigating social media and pregnancy advice:

  • Be critical of emotional appeals: Posts relying heavily on personal stories or strong emotions might not be based on facts. Look for information presented in a neutral and objective way.
  • Fact-check before sharing: Don’t spread misinformation! If you see a post about pregnancy or marijuana use, take a moment to verify the information through a reputable source before sharing it with others.
  • Follow credible sources: Seek out accounts from doctors, nurses, midwives, or other health care professionals specializing in pregnancy. These accounts are more likely to provide accurate and evidence-based information.
  • Focus on communities for support: Look for online communities or forums focused on pregnancy support. These communities can be a great place to connect with other pregnant people and share experiences, but remember to be cautious about taking medical advice from non-professionals.
  • Prioritize your mental health: Social media can be overwhelming, especially with all the conflicting information about pregnancy. If you find yourself feeling anxious or stressed, take a break from social media.
  • Talk to your doctor: They are the best resource for personalized advice and information about your pregnancy. Don’t hesitate to ask them any questions you may have about marijuana use or any other pregnancy-related concerns.

By following these tips, you can navigate social media and use it as a source of support and information during your pregnancy. Remember, when it comes to your health and your baby’s health, always prioritize reliable sources and professional advice.

Every pregnant person deserves access to comprehensive prenatal care that includes:

  • Early Detection and Risk Assessment.
  • Open Communication and Nonjudgmental Support.
  • Individualized Risk-Benefit Analysis.
  • Safer Alternatives for Managing Symptoms.
  • Support for Quitting, and
  • Monitoring Fetal Development.

Comprehensive prenatal care equips pregnant people with the knowledge, support, and resources necessary to make informed decisions about marijuana use during pregnancy while prioritizing the health and well-being of their developing baby.

This includes regular doctor visits, screenings, and support throughout pregnancy. Prenatal care providers can address any questions or concerns a pregnant woman may have about marijuana use or other substances.

Here are some resources to help locate prenatal care services:

The National Healthy Start Program provides funding to community-based programs that offer prenatal care and other services to low-income pregnant people and their families.

Planned Parenthood offers a variety of reproductive health services, including prenatal care, at locations across the country.

The National Association of Community Health Centers can help connect pregnant people with affordable prenatal care services in their communities.

Pregnancy can be a challenging time emotionally. If you are struggling with stress, anxiety, or depression, seeking help is crucial. There are safe and effective mental health treatments available during pregnancy.

The National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI) offers support groups and resources when experiencing mental health challenges during pregnancy.

Postpartum Support International (PSI) provides resources and support when experiencing perinatal mood and anxiety disorders, including anxiety and depression during pregnancy.

The National Suicide Prevention Lifeline is available 24/7 for anyone experiencing a mental health crisis, including pregnant people.

Additional Resources:

The March of Dimes provides a wealth of information on the risks of marijuana use during pregnancy.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) offers resources on the risks of marijuana use during pregnancy, including tips for quitting.

The National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) (https://store.samhsa.gov/sites/default/files/d7/priv/pep19-pl-guide-2.pdf) provides information on the effects of marijuana on the developing brain.

By combining access to quality prenatal care, mental health support, and reliable information, we can empower pregnant people to make informed decisions about their health and the well-being of their babies. Marijuana use during pregnancy presents a complex issue with no simple solutions. The potential risks to the developing baby are significant and warrant careful consideration. If you’re pregnant and contemplating marijuana use, talking to your doctor is crucial. They can provide you with the most up-to-date information about the risks and benefits, helping you make the best decision for your health and the health of your developing child. This multifaceted approach ensures pregnant people have the resources and support they need to navigate this critical phase.