Public health experts are increasingly focused on two growing concerns: the widespread use of cannabis and the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency. Both issues have profound implications for overall health, and emerging research suggests there may be a connection between them. This article explores how cannabis use may influence vitamin D levels and the potential health risks associated with this interaction, particularly for vulnerable populations like postpartum individuals.
Vitamin D is a crucial nutrient with broad effects on the body. It is often called the “sunshine vitamin” because the body can produce it when exposed to sunlight. Vitamin D is essential for maintaining bone health. According to the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, “Vitamin D is necessary for strong, healthy bones,” helping the body absorb calcium, which is vital for bone formation. Inadequate levels of vitamin D can lead to bone softening, deformities, and conditions like rickets in children and osteoporosis in adults.
Beyond bone health, vitamin D also plays an important role in regulating the immune system, reducing inflammation, and supporting overall bodily function. Adequate levels of vitamin D contribute to a strong immune system, making it crucial in protecting against infections. Vitamin D is also linked to reducing the risk of chronic diseases, including heart disease and diabetes. Without sufficient vitamin D, individuals are more susceptible to a variety of health conditions, including osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease, and even mental health disorders like depression and anxiety.
Vitamin D deficiency is a widespread issue, despite the body’s ability to produce it naturally when exposed to sunlight. Several factors contribute to this deficiency, including limited sun exposure. According to the Cleveland Clinic, people who live in areas with long winters or spend much of their time indoors are at higher risk because they do not get enough sunlight to produce sufficient vitamin D. This lack of exposure significantly contributes to the rising prevalence of vitamin D deficiency.
Other factors that lead to vitamin D deficiency include darker skin tones, which reduce the body’s ability to synthesize vitamin D from sunlight. People with darker skin, including Black and Hispanic people, are at higher risk due to the increased melanin in their skin. Older adults are also more likely to experience deficiency as their skin becomes less efficient at producing vitamin D. Additionally, individuals who are obese or have certain medical conditions, like gastrointestinal disorders, may struggle to absorb vitamin D effectively, further exacerbating the problem.
Vitamin D deficiency affects a broad range of populations, with certain groups being at higher risk. Older adults, for instance, have a decreased ability to synthesize vitamin D due to aging skin and often spend more time indoors, limiting sun exposure. According to the National Institutes of Health Office of Dietary Supplements, this decline in vitamin D production with age makes older adults more vulnerable to deficiency.
Postpartum individuals are also particularly vulnerable. During pregnancy and breastfeeding, the body requires more vitamin D to support both maternal health and the baby’s bone development. As a result, postpartum women are at an increased risk of deficiency, especially if breastfeeding exclusively. The American Pregnancy Association stresses that adequate vitamin D levels are essential for both the mother’s and the child’s health during this period.
Additionally, individuals living in areas with limited sunlight, such as northern latitudes, face a higher risk, particularly in winter when the sun’s rays are insufficient for vitamin D production. Those with darker skin tones are also at greater risk due to the reduced efficiency of synthesizing vitamin D from sunlight.
Cannabis Use and Its Impact on Health
As cannabis legalization expands across the United States, the prevalence of cannabis use has increased significantly. In Missouri, for example, the state has legalized medical marijuana, and nearly 200,000 individuals are registered in the medical marijuana program. This number reflects the broader trend seen across the country, with an increasing number of individuals seeking cannabis for medicinal or recreational purposes. While cannabis has recognized therapeutic benefits for conditions like chronic pain, anxiety, and insomnia, its impact on overall health, particularly in relation to vitamin D levels, is still being researched.
Cannabis interacts with the body’s endocannabinoid system, which is responsible for regulating mood, appetite, and immune response. The primary compounds in cannabis, THC and CBD, bind to receptors in this system, influencing various physiological processes. These effects can alter appetite, metabolism, and sleep patterns, all of which can, in turn, affect the body’s nutritional status. Research has shown that cannabis use can impact nutrient absorption, including the absorption of vitamin D.
One of the primary ways cannabis may contribute to vitamin D deficiency is by influencing dietary intake. Cannabis often increases appetite, commonly referred to as the “munchies.” According to Leafly, this heightened hunger may encourage individuals to consume more calories, but it does not necessarily lead to the consumption of nutrient-dense foods, such as those rich in vitamin D. Additionally, cannabis can impair digestion and nutrient absorption, making it harder for the body to effectively process essential vitamins like D. For example, the body may struggle to absorb vitamin D from food sources like fortified dairy products or fatty fish, leading to potential deficiencies.
Another way cannabis may contribute to vitamin D deficiency is through its effects on sleep patterns. Cannabis is commonly used to help manage stress and improve sleep quality. However, according to Penn Medicine, research has shown that cannabis can disrupt the body’s natural circadian rhythm, leading to inconsistent sleep patterns. Disrupted sleep can, in turn, reduce the amount of time spent outdoors in natural sunlight, which is necessary for the body to produce vitamin D (Penn Medicine).
Mary, 56, from Kansas City, reflected on her experience with cannabis use: “I’ve relied on edibles to manage my sleep for some time now, but despite getting sunlight through other means, I’ve been told I need prescription-strength vitamin D. It’s frustrating because I’ve always thought I was getting enough.”
The question remains: Could cannabis use directly contribute to vitamin D deficiency? Emerging research suggests that there may be a connection. Regular cannabis users may experience altered appetite and digestion, potentially leading to poor dietary intake and compromised nutrient absorption. Moreover, cannabis use has been associated with disrupted sleep patterns, reducing time spent outdoors and potentially limiting exposure to sunlight. This combination of factors may exacerbate vitamin D deficiency in regular cannabis users, particularly those who are already at risk.
According to a study published in PubMed Central (PMC), cannabis use has been associated with lower vitamin D levels. Researchers hypothesize that regular cannabis use, especially in combination with poor dietary habits and disrupted sleep, can create a cycle of nutrient deficiency. This is particularly concerning for populations like postpartum individuals, who have heightened vitamin D needs during recovery.
Postpartum Health: A Unique Intersection
The postpartum period is a time of significant recovery for individuals, both physically and mentally. During this period, the body requires adequate nutrients, including vitamin D, to heal and maintain health. However, postpartum individuals are particularly vulnerable to vitamin D deficiency, which can affect bone health, mood stabilization, and overall well-being.
Many postpartum individuals turn to cannabis as a way to manage stress, alleviate anxiety, or improve sleep. However, cannabis use during this period may unintentionally exacerbate vitamin D deficiency. According to a study published in Cannabis Clinicians, “Women who continued to use cannabis during pregnancy often perceived no general or pregnancy-specific risk compared to nonusers.”
In addition to the risks of direct cannabis exposure to the infant, cannabis use can hinder the mother’s ability to properly manage her health needs. As mentioned earlier, cannabis use can disrupt sleep patterns, reduce sunlight exposure, and encourage poor dietary choices, all of which can contribute to vitamin D deficiency. This makes it even more crucial for new mothers to focus on recovery, prioritize proper nutrition, and avoid substances that may hinder their health and well-being.
Kayla, 38, from Olathe, Kansas, shared her experience: “After I had my second son, I dealt with a lot of pain from a difficult recovery—soreness from labor, back pain from carrying them around, and just the exhaustion of being a new mom. I used marijuana to help with that pain and to relax. I didn’t really think about getting enough sunlight or vitamins back then, but now I realize how much I neglected my health during that time.”
For postpartum individuals seeking to improve their health while mitigating risks related to vitamin D deficiency and cannabis use, the following strategies can be particularly beneficial. Maximizing sunlight exposure is key. Even during colder months, spending 10–15 minutes outdoors daily can help stimulate the body’s natural production of vitamin D. According to the Office of Dietary Supplements (NIH), short periods of sun exposure can help the skin synthesize vitamin D, which is crucial for overall health, especially in areas with limited sunlight.
In addition, incorporating vitamin D-rich foods into the diet is essential for maintaining adequate levels. Foods like fatty fish, such as salmon and mackerel, are excellent sources of vitamin D. Cod liver oil, while not commonly used in everyday diets, is another concentrated source. For those looking for alternatives, egg yolks and beef liver also provide vitamin D, though in smaller amounts. Many types of cheese, including Swiss and cheddar, contain moderate amounts of vitamin D. Plus, a variety of fortified foods are available, such as plant-based milks (soy, almond, and oat), dairy products, and breakfast cereals which have been fortified with vitamin D. For a more comprehensive list, the Dietary Guidelines for Americans provide guidance on incorporating vitamin D-rich foods into the daily diet
Finally, avoiding cannabis use during the postpartum period can help individuals focus on their health recovery. While cannabis may provide temporary relief from stress or sleep issues, the potential long-term effects on both the individual’s health and the infant’s well-being may outweigh these short-term benefits. Instead, prioritizing overall health through proper nutrition, physical activity, and adequate rest can lead to a faster recovery and better health outcomes in the long run.
